Abstract Sequence stratigraphy is a method that unravels the evolution of sedimentation through time and space within sedimentary basins. Nowadays, the exploration and production of natural resources generated by or related to sedimentary processes depend on constructing a chronostratigraphic framework to identify sequences of distinct hierarchies. In clastic and carbonate successions, exploratory studies focus on higher-rank sequences to evaluate the potential of natural resources and to make discoveries. Conversely, lower-rank (i.e. high-frequency) sequences characterize and highlight the spatial and temporal occurrence of natural resource deposits and heterogeneities, necessary for optimizing production. For instance, high-resolution sequence stratigraphic surfaces may indicate the location of placer deposits or coal seams. In the petroleum industry, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy is applied in reservoir zonation and characterization, which are the stratigraphic essence of 3D geological and fluid flow models. Thus, this methodology can guide reservoir management, forecast and optimize production, and increase the ultimate recovery factor. Recent technological innovations such as virtual outcrop models and Ground Penetration Radar have promoted a significant advance in the visualization of surfaces and stacking patterns, making stratigraphic analysis more accurate and efficient than the traditional use of analogs.

Abstract With standardized methodology and nomenclature, the sequence stratigraphy aims to characterize multi-scale cyclical units of genetically related rocks into a hierarchical chronostratigraphic framework. From facies to basin scale, the stacking patterns and stratigraphic surfaces are recognized as sequence elements. In parallel, Earth sciences have developed a sophisticated understanding of geological processes (tectonic, climatic, and eustatic) that produce the main cyclicity observed in the sedimentary rock record. This review paper discusses how the elaboration of hierarchical stratigraphic frameworks that incorporate the knowledge of these periodic geological processes — from high- to low-frequencies — as the control of generation and preservation of sequences — from high- to low-resolutions — guarantees objective results in predicting vertical recurrence and the lateral correlation of genetic stratigraphic units. This interpretive approach of cyclic stratigraphic analysis supports the development of effective observable criteria to identify and rank sequences in multiple scales, based on cycle anatomy, recurrence, vertical trends, and mappability. This methodological improvement reduces the inaccuracies and contradictions of traditional conceptual models based on fully preserved three-dimensional depositional systems.